el

star

n. star.

El(d)rim

noun. elves

el(d) (from CE *eldā- connected or concerned with the stars) + rim (collective plural suffix) Ll-r in secondary contact > ldr, later again simplified.

Elrohir

noun. elf-horse lord

el (from CE *eldā- connected or concerned with the stars) + roch (“horse”) + hîr (“master, lord”)

elvellon

noun. elf-friend

el (from elen “elf”) + mellon (friend)

eledhwen

feminine name. Elfsheen, Elven-fair

A sobriquet of Morwen translated “Elfsheen” (S/155) or “Elven-fair” (Let/281). Its initial element is †Eledh, an archaic Sindarin word for “Elf”, which in ordinary speech was Edhel (SA/êl, Let/281). The meaning of the second element is less clear. Given the translation, it might be a lenited variant of gwân “fair” (PE17/165) or of the root √GWEN (PE17/191), but could also be the suffixal form -wen of gwend “maiden” common in female names (Ety/WEN).

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name appeared originally as N. Eledwen (SM/319), later revised to N. Eledhwen (LR/147). At this stage, N. Eledh was the ordinary Noldorin word for Elf, and was specifically given as an element of the name Eledhwen in The Etymologies (Ety/ELED). In these Silmarillion drafts, this name was already translated as “Elfsheen” (SM/319, LR/276), and in The Etymologies her name was initially translated “Elf-fair”, but this gloss was rejected and replaced by “Elf-maid” (Ety/ELED).

In Tolkien’s writing, the root √WEN(ED) (from which S. gwend “maiden” is derived) was usually associated with youth and virginity, but sometimes also with beauty, as for example in the rejected root √GWEN “fair, beautiful” (PE17/191). This vacillation may be reflected in the different translations of the name Eledhwen.

In Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s, Tolkien changed this name to S. Edhelwen to be consistent with the later Sindarin name for “Elf” (WJ/142, WJ/273), but Eledhwen also appeared in his later writings (e.g. Let/281 from 1958) and this is the form that appeared in the published version of The Silmarillion.

elu

masculine name. Elu

The Sindarin form of Q. Elwë, the original name of Thingol (S/56). This Sindarin name is derived from the Quenya, because in Sindarin short final vowels vanished and then [[s|final [w] usually became [u]]]: Elwe > Elw > Elu (PE17/189). This Sindarin name appeared as an element in the names of many of his descendants.

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, the leader of the third tribe of Elves was named Sol. Ellu (LT1/155), though at this early stage the character was distinct from the contemporanerous character that would develop into Thingol (G. Tinwelint). The name changed to (Telerin?) Elu with one l in very early Silmarillion drafts (SM/13, 85), and was given the Qenya cognate of ᴱQ. Elwe.

In the Annals of Beleriand from the 1930s, ᴹQ. Elwe was identified as the brother of Thingol (SM/264) and so remained in Silmarillion drafts of that period (LR/217). In The Etymologies, Tolkien specifically indicated that the Noldorin form of his name Elw (= Elu) was not used (Ety/WEG), probably because in this conception Elwe remained in Valinor. It was not until Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s that the name Elwe was assigned to Thingol, at which point his brother was renamed to Q. Olwë (MR/82). At this stage, the Sindarin form of his name Elu was also introduced (MR/86).

elulin

feminine name. Elulin

A name for the wife of Dior in an isolated note (WJ/350), elsewhere named Lindis or Nimloth (WJ/257, 350, 353). This name appears to be a combination of the name Elu and a form of lind “song”, also seen in her other name.

eluwaith

collective name. Eluwaith

A collective name for the subjects of Elu (WJ/378), a combination his name and the lenited form of gwaith “people” (PM/369, 372).

elvellyn

collective name. Elf-friends, Elf-lovers

A term for those friendly to the Elves, the equivalent of Eldameldor (WJ/412). This name is a compound of Ell “Elf” and the lenited form of the plural mellyn of mellon “friend”.

elanor

feminine name. Elanor

Sam Gamgee’s eldest child, who was named after the flower of Lórien elanor “sun-star” (LotR/1026, SD/129). In Tolkien’s unfinished epilogue to The Lord of the Rings, this name also appeared in the diminutive form Elanorellë (SD/122).

elrondhel

feminine name. Elrondhel

Another rejected name for Arwen (PE17/56), apparently a combination of a her father’s name Elrond and the word sell “daughter” (PE17/56), revised to Elrondiel >> Elrenniel. See that entry for further discussion.

elladan

masculine name. Elf-man

Son of Elrond (LotR/227). This name is translated “Elf-man”, a combination of archaic Sindarin †Ell “elf” and Adan “man” (Let/281-2).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this character was first named N. Elboron (WR/297). Earlier still, the name Ilk. Elboron used as a name for a son of Dior (LR/147).

elrohir

masculine name. Elf-knight

Son of Elrond (LotR/227). This name is translated “Elf-knight”, a combination of archaic Sindarin †Ell “elf” and ro(c)hir “knight” (Let/281-2).

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this character was first named N. Elbereth (WR/297). Earlier still, the name Ilk. Elbereth used as a name for a son of Dior (LR/147), but later S. Elbereth was reserved for the Sindarin name of Varda.

Eledhwen

noun. elf maid (Morwen)

eledh (“elf”) + gwend (“woman, maiden”, [Etym. ELED-]) [Etym. WEN-]: since it shows no -d even in the archaic spelling, it probably contains derivative of WEN-, not WENED- stem and the last element is Ilk. gwen “girl”; in Grey Annals the translation is given “Elfsheen”.

Elladan

noun. elf-man

ell (from CE *eldā- connected or concerned with the stars) + adan (“a man from one of the three houses of the Edain”)

Elwing

noun. Elwing

star foam; êl (“star”) + wing (“spray, foam”) The meaning of wing is uncertain and could have been taken from Nandorin, but its interpretation is but a guess; later on p.369 this element is said to come from Bëorian tongue; in [Etym. WIG-], the S, Ilk word for “spindrift, flying spray” is given as gwing.

eldeth

noun. eldeth

_n. _probably a feminine form of ell.

eledhes

eledhes

{ð} n. maybe a feminine form of eledh. >> -es

eledhon

eledhon

{ð} n. probably a masculine form of eledh. >> -on

eledhrim

noun. elves

>> Edhelrim

eledhrim

noun. Elves

elen (“elf”) + rim (collective plural suffix) Dhr is < n-r in secondary contact.

elenathon

elenathon

gen. of elenathof the (host of all the) stars. >> elen

ell

noun. elf

n. elf, esp. [?in ?the ?South]. Noldorin form.

ell

ell

pl2. eldrim n.

elleth

noun. elf-woman

ell (from CE *eldā- connected or concerned with the stars) + eth (traditional ending for female names)

ellir

noun. ellir

n. >> ell, elles, ellon

ellon

noun. elf-man

ell (from CE *eldā- connected or concerned with the stars) + on (traditional ending for male names)

elu

noun. Elwe

_prop. n. _Q. Elwe.

Elthor(o)n

noun. Elthor(o)n

eagle of sky; êl (“star”) + Ilk. thorn / S thoron (“eagle”)

eledh

noun. Elf

elleth

noun. Elf-maid

ellon

noun. Elf-man

ell

noun. Elf

elphir

masculine name. Elphir

The 23rd prince of Dol Amroth (PM/223). The language and meaning of this name are not clear, but unlike the names of earlier princes, this name appears to be Sindarin instead of Adûnaic. It may be a combination of the plural e(i)lph of alph “swan” and the noun hîr “lord”, hence: “✱Lord of Swans” (as suggested by David Salo, GS/348).

Elbereth

Elbereth

1b theon.

Eledhbar

Eledhbar

{ð} topon.

Elemmar

place name. Elemmar

topon.

Elennor

place name. Elennor

topon.

Elrond

noun. Elrond

prop. n.

eldrim

noun. eldrim

pl2. n.

eledhir

eledhir

{ð} n.

elen

noun. Elf

elenil

elenil

. This gloss was rejected.

elenon

elenon

. This gloss was rejected.

elleth

noun. elf-maid

ellon

noun. elf

elt

elt

elu

noun. Elu

prop. n.

elvellon

noun. elf-friend

elanor

noun. pimpernel, small golden star-shaped flower, (lit.) sun-star

The name of a flower in Lórien translated “sun-star” also given as the name of the first daughter of Samwise (LotR/1026). It is a combination of el “star” and Anor “sun” (PE17/55). In notes for the tale of Aldarion and Erendis, Tolkien said it also grew in Númenor and “was a small golden star-shaped flower” (UT/216 note #20). In a letter to Amy Ronald from 1969, Tolkien described it as “a pimpernel (perhaps a little enlarged) growing sun-golden flowers and star-silver ones on the same plant, and sometimes the two combined” (Let/402). Thus it was either a golden star-shaped flower or a pimpernel-like plant growing both sun-coloured and star-coloured flowers.

ell

e

e, pl2. eldrim n.

eluchíl

masculine name. Thingol’s Heir, (lit.) Heir of Elu

Sobriquet of Dior, grandson of Elu Thingol, translated “Thingol’s Heir” (S/188) but more correctly “Heir of Elu”. His name is a combination of the name of his grandfather Elu and the lenited form chíl of hîl “heir” (SA/khil, PM/369).

elrenniel

feminine name. Arwen; *(lit.) Elrond-daughter

Another name for Arwen (PE17/56), a combination of a variant form of her father’s name Elrond and the feminine suffix -iel. Like its Quenya cognate Elerondiel, it is apparently intended to mean “Daughter of Elrond”. There are several variant forms of both the Sindarin and Quenya names, reflecting Tolkien’s uncertainties on the Elvish words for “daughter”: sell versus iell. See those entries for further discussion.

eluréd

masculine name. Heir of Elu (Thingol)

Son of Dior and great-grandson of Elu Thingol (S/234), whose name had the same meaning as his father’s sobriquet Eluchíl “Heir of Elu” (SI/Eluréd). His name is a combination of the name of his great-grandfather Elu and the Bëorian word for “heir”: rêda (PM/369).

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this character was initially named Ilk. Elboron and his brother’s name was Ilk. Elbereth (SM/307). These names were designated Ilkorin in The Etymologies (Ety/BOR, BER) but were rejected, most likely because Tolkien introduced N. Elbereth as a name for Varda (Ety/BARATH). In the narratives of that period, Ilk. Elboron was changed to Eldûn (LR/147 note #42) and so remained in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/351). The name S. Eluréd did not appear until quite late; the etymology given above appeared only in a late essay on “The Problem of Ros” from 1968 (PM/369).

elurín

masculine name. Remembrance of Elu

Son of Dior and great-grandson of Elu Thingol (S/234), translated “Remembrance of Elu” (PM/372, note #8). His name is a combination of the name of his great-grandfather Elu and the noun rîn “remembrance” (PM/369, 372).

Conceptual Development: In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this character was initially named Ilk. Elbereth (SM/307). This name was designated Ilkorin in The Etymologies (Ety/BER) but was rejected, most likely because Tolkien introduced N. Elbereth as a name for Varda (Ety/BARATH). In the narratives of that period, Ilk. Elbereth was changed to Elrûn (LR/147 note #42) and so remained in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/351). The name S. Elurín did not appear until quite late; the etymology given above appeared only in a late essay on “The Problem of Ros” from 1968 (PM/369, 372).

Elrenniel

noun. 'Daughter of Elrond'

prop. n. #'Daughter of Elrond'. Elrenniel << Elrendiel << Elrondiel << hel-Elrond << Elrondhel.

Eluchil

noun. heir of Elu

Elu (name) + (k-)hîl (“heir”)

eledh

used for all elves

pl1. elidh, pl2. eledhrim {ð}_ n. _used for all elves. Form obsolete as specific 'tribal' or general, except as element in certain proper-names.Q. elda.

elleth

a Sindarized form the Exiled Noldor used form themselves

pl1. ellith _ n. _a Sindarized form the Exiled Noldor used form themselves. Probably a feminine form of ell. >> -eth

eledhes

noun. *Elf-maid

eledhon

noun. *Elf-man

elennor

place name. *Elf-land

elia-

verb. to cause to prosper, bless (a work), help one

elanor

noun. a flower, a kind of enlarged pimpernel bearing golden and silver flowers

ellas

noun. *Elf-maid

elles

noun. *Elf-maid

elo

interjection. an exclamation of wonder, admiration, delight

elbereth

feminine name. Queen of Stars, (lit.) Star-queen

The Sindarin name of Varda, a compound of êl “star” and bereth “queen”, that is: “Star-queen” (LotR/378, RGEO/66). The Quenya equivalent of this name is Elentári. This name was of ancient derivation, from ✶elen-barathī > elmbereth > Elbereth, as shown by the fact that the initial [b] in the second element did not lenite to [v] (MR/387, PE17/22).

Possible Etymology: In the 1930s, N. Elbereth was likewise derived ✶el(en)-barathī (Ety/EL, BARATH). This 1930s derivation worked through a combination of i-affection and i-intrusion, with the resulting ei &gt; e as often happened in unstressed final syllables in Noldorin of the 1930s:

• ✱elen-barathī > elem-berethi > el(e)mbereith > N. elbereth.

This derivation no longer works in Sindarin of the 1950s and 60s, however, since [[s|later [ei] became [ai] in final syllables]] in Sindarin and did not reduce to e. Thus we should have ✶barathī > ✱✱beraith. One possibility is that Tolkien transferred this derivation to the root √BER “marry”: in The Road Goes Ever On published in 1967, Tolkien said “bereth actually meant ‘spouse’, and is used of one who is ‘queen’ as spouse of a king” (RGEO/66). This theory was first proposed to me by Elaran in a private Discord chat in November 2018, and I find it very compelling; it neatly resolves the phonological problem if bereth is derived from ✱berettē or something similar.

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales, this name was G. Timbridhil “Queen of Stars” (GL/71, LT1A/Tinwetári), which reappeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s as N. Timbreðil (Ety/TIN). Tolkien revised the name to N. Elbereth “Star Queen” (Ety/EL, Ety/BARATH), which appeared in the narratives starting with the Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (RS/68).

Before giving this name to Varda, Tolkien used the name Ilk. Elbereth for the youngest child of Dior (Ety/BER), but he changed that name to Elrûn (later S. Elurín). Tolkien also used the name N. Elbereth for one of the sons of Elrond before renaming him S. Elrohir (WR/297).

elrond

masculine name. Star-dome

Lord of Rivendell (LotR/170). His name is translated “Star-dome” (Let/448, WJ/414), a combination of êl “star” and rond “vaulted roof” (SA/rond, WJ/414).

Conceptual Development: The name Elrond first appeared in early Silmarillion drafts from the late 1920s (SM/38) and was first published in the Hobbit in 1937. His name appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s in two forms: Noldorin Elrond “Starry-dome” (Ety/EL) and Ilkorin Elrond “Vault of Heaven” (Ety/ROD), both with essentially the same etymology as his later Sindarin name. In a few places Tolkien considered alternate etymologies for this name: in Quenya Notes (QN) from 1957, he suggested the final element might be rhond “body” (PE17/183), and in a letter to Rhona Beare from 1958, he suggested the initial element might be archaic †Ell “Elf” (Let/281). Both of these seem to have been transient ideas.

elwing

feminine name. Star-spray

Granddaughter of Lúthien, beloved of Q. Eärendil and mother of Elrond and Elros, her name is translated “Star-spray” (S/235, Let/448). This name is a combination of êl “star” and the lenited form of gwing “spray” (SA/wing; PM/365 note #55, 376 note #24).

Conceptual Development: Her name appeared as G. Elwing in the earliest Lost Tales (LT2/241), but in the Gnomish Lexicon from this period her name was translated “Lake Foam”, a variant of the name G. Ailwing (GL/17, 32). In The Etymologies from the 1930s, Tolkien revised the meaning of the initial element of N. Elwing, first deriving it from ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” (Ety/ƷEL), then from ᴹ√EL “star” (Ety/EL). Thereafter, her name remained “Star-spray”, but Tolkien did at times consider that the second element -wing might be borrowed from a non-Sindarin language, either from the language of the Green Elves (PM/349) or from Bëorian (PM/369).

elros

masculine name. Star-foam

Brother of Elrond who chose life as a mortal Man and became the first king of Númenor (LotR/1034-5). His name is translated “Star-foam” (Let/448, PM/349), a combination of êl “star” and ross “foam” (SA/ros, PM/368-9).

Conceptual Development: The name N. Elros first appeared in the Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (SM/155 note #9, LR/216) and was mentioned in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (WR/158). In a few places Tolkien considered alternate etymologies for this name: in a letter to Rhona Beare from 1958, he suggested the initial element might be archaic †Ell “Elf” (Let/281), and in an essay on “The Problem of Ros” from 1968, he considered but ultimately rejected the possibility that the final element was a Bëorian word rôs “foam”, instead of Sindarin. Both of these seem to have been transient ideas.

eladar

masculine name. Starfather

A sobriquet of Tuor on a genealogy chart from 1959, translated “Starfather” (WJ/234-5), obviously a combination of êl “star” and adar “father”.

Elbereth

noun. star queen/lady

êl (“star”) + bereth (“queen, spouse of a king”) No lenition: original name Elenbarathi yielding Elmbereth, where triconsonantal lmb > lb.

Elbereth

theology. 'Star-queen'

theon.'Star-queen'. On the mythological association of Varda with stars, see PE17:22. Same meaning as Q. Elentári. Rarely Bereth. Formed later, Elbereth would prob. have been given such forms as Bereth (in)-elin or Bereth (in)gîl. >> Bereth (in)-elin, êl, elen

Elros

noun. star foam, spray

êl (“star”) + ros (“foam, spray”) In PM:369, the last element is said to be rôs from the Bëorian tongue.

elein

Poet

pl2. eleniath, elenwaith n. Poet. star.

elen

star

pl1. elin, pl2. elenath _n._star. Its collective plural (pl2.) designates 'the (host of all the) stars, (all) the (visible) stars of the firmament'. Q. elen, pl1. eldi, eleni. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'. >> êl

elia-

verb. to cause to prosper

v. to cause to prosper, bless (a work), help one. Q. alya-.

ell

Poet

_ n. Poet. _only applied to the Noldorin Exiles. A word borrowed from Quenya. >> elles, ellon

ell

d

d, pl1. ellir, pl2. eldrim, ellath _ n. _a Sindarized form the Exiled Noldor used form themselves.

elles

noun. Poet

_ fem. n. Poet. _only applied to the Noldorin Exiles. A word borrowed from Quenya. >> ell, elles

ellon

noun. Poet

_ masc. n. Poet. _only applied to the Noldorin Exiles. A word borrowed from Quenya. >> ell, ellon

Elfaron

noun. star-hunter (Moon)

êl (“star”) + faron (“hunter”)

Elrond

noun. starry dome

êl (“star”) + rond (“domed roof”)

elanor

noun. star-sun (flower)

êl (“star”) + anor (“sun”)

elo

interjection. behold!

elanor

noun. 'sun-star'

n. Bot. 'sun-star'.

elen

noun. star

elenath

noun. starry host, all the host of the stars of heaven

elloth

noun. (single) flower

elloth

noun. single flower

A word for a “single flower” in note from the late 1960s, a combination of er “one” and loth “flower(s)” (VT42/18), where rl became ll as sometimes happened in (old) Sindarin compounds. This word can be necessary because loth refers to both a single flower or a group of flowers; see that entry for details.

elu

adjective. (pale) blue

adanedhel

masculine name. Elf-man

A name given to Túrin in Nargothrond for his noble, Elf-like nature, translated “Elf-man” (S/210). It is a compound of Adan “man” and Edhel “Elf” (SA/adan, edhel).

edhellond

place name. Elf-haven

An Elvish haven in Belfalas, a compound of Edhel “Elf” and lond “haven” (UT/255).

edhellos

feminine name. Elven-flower

The Sindarin name of the wife of Angrod, a direct translation of her Quenya name Eldalótë (PM/346). This name is a compound of Edhel “Elf” and -los “flower”.

ódhel

proper name. Elf who left for Aman

An archaic Sindarin term for the Elves who travelled to Aman, the equivalent of Q. Aurel from primitive ✶awādelo “away Elf” (WJ/364). Later the term was used to described the exiled Noldor, and developed into S. Gódhel (WJ/379).

edhelharn

masculine name. Elfstone

Sindarin translation of Q. Elessar (SD/128), a compound of Edhel “Elf” and the lenited form harn of sarn “stone”.

Edhellond

noun. elf-haven

edhel (“elf”) + lond (“entrance to harbour, land-locked haven”)

Edhelrim

noun. elves

edhel, eledh (“elf”) + rim (collective plural ending)

edhel

noun. Elf

_ n. _Elf, a general name for all the Elves (since the name Quendi had gone out of use in Sindarin). Probably related to or connected with Q. Elda. >> edhellen

edhel

Elf

pl1. edhil, pl2. edhellim {ð} _n. _Elf. A name used by the Sindar for themselves, characterizing other varieties by an adjective or prefix. >> Aredhel, Thinnedhel

edhel

Elf

{ð} _n. _Elf.

edhel

Elf

d _ n. _Elf. Q. elda.

edhelharn

noun. elf stone

edhel (“elf”) + sarn (“stone”)

edhellen

adjective. Elvish

_ adj. _Elvish. annon edhellen edro hi ammen! 'Elvish gate open now for us'. >> edhel

edhel

noun. Elf

annon edhellen, edro hi ammen

Elvish gate open now for us

edhellen

adjective. elvish

edhelvein

adjective. elven fair

wanedhel

adjective. elven fair

dúnedhel

noun. Elf of the West, Elf of Beleriand (including Noldor and Sindar)

edhel

noun. Elf

edhelharn

noun. elf-stone

edhellen

adjective. elvish, of the Elves

glinnel

noun. Elf, one of the Teleri

vanedhel

adjective. elven fair

Vanedhel

noun. 'elven fair'

prop. n. 'elven fair', a title of Arwen. Q. Vanimelda, Eldavanima. >> Eldhelvein, Elrenniel, Wanedhel

Wanedhel

noun. 'elven fair'

prop. n. 'elven fair', a title of Arwen. Q. Vanimelda, Eldavanima. >> Eldhelvein, Elrenniel, Vanedhel

edhel

e

e, pl1. edhil {ð}_ n. _marcher, one who went forth.

edelbar

place name. *Elf-home

Teler

noun. an Elf, one of the Teleri

gódhel

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

gódhellim

noun. "Deep Elves" or "Gnomes", the Wise Folk

laegel

noun. a Green Elf

laegeldrim

noun. the people of the Green Elves

miniel

noun. an Elf, one of the Vanyar

mornedhel

noun. Dark-Elf

telerrim

noun. the Teleri, a tribe of Elves

ódhel

noun. Deep Elf or Gnome, one of the Wise Folk

ódhellim

noun. Deep Elves or Gnomes, the Wise Folk

nan elmoth

place name. *Valley of Starry Dusk

The forest where Thingol and Melian met (S/55), a combination of nan(d) “valley”, êl “star” and moth “dusk” (SA/nan(d), moth).

Conceptual Development: In “The Lay of Leithian Recommenced” from the 1950s, Tolkien considered some variant names for this forest: S. Glad-uial >> Glath-uail >> Gilammoth (LB/349). The first of these also appeared on the Silmarillion map from the 1950s (WJ/183, 188 note #48).

findel

Poet

n. Poet. head of hair (fax). Preserved mainly in such old names as Glorfindel 'Golden-hair'. >> find, finn, finnel

mellon

noun. friend

_ n. _friend. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'. 

neledh

cardinal. three

{ð}_ card. _three. Q. nelde. Fcan, canad, nel

mellon

noun. friend

neledh

cardinal. three

Menel

noun. sky, high heaven, firmament, the region of the stars

mellon

noun. friend

neled

cardinal. three

neledh

cardinal. three

sellath

noun. all the daughters

Eladar

Eladar

The name contains the elements el and adar.

Elendil

Elendil

Elendil's name actually means "Devoted to the Stars" in Quenya. For the Dúnedain it was intended to signify "Elf-friend" (Adûnaic Nimruzîr), since they tended to confuse the Quenya element EL for both "Elf" and "star".

Elros

Elros

Elros is a Sindarin name meaning "Elf of the spray", based on a tale from his early childhood when the Sons of Fëanor abducted the twins until Maedhros found them playing in a forest waterfall. Alternatively, his name could mean "star-foam". The Sindarin elements are el ("star") and ros ("foam"). Elros is the Sindarin form of Quenya Elerossë (pron. [ˌeleˈrosːe]).

elvellon

Elvellon

From the elements el "star-elf" and mellon "friend". OS could have been *elmeldondo

Elanor (flower)

Elanor (flower)

The word elanor means "Sun-star" in Sindarin (from êl = "star" and anor = "Sun").

Elanor Gardner

Elanor Gardner

The name is a reference to the sun-star, a little golden flower blooming in the land of Lothlórien — this perfectly satisfied Sam's desire for a name that was both Elvish and yet at the same time a simple flower-name as many hobbit-lasses had.

Elboron

Elboron

Elboron may mean "Enduring Star", from elen ("star") and boron ("long-lasting, enduring").

Elendur (King of Arnor)

Elendur (King of Arnor)

Elendur's name is Quenya for "Servant of the Elves" from elen meaning "elves", and the suffix -dur meaning "servant of, devoted to". It is likely that he was named in memory of Isildur's son who was killed in the Battle of the Gladden Fields, Elendur.

Elendur (son of Isildur)

Elendur (son of Isildur)

Elendur most likely means "Servant of the Elves" in Quenya. The first element, eled, was likely taken from his grandfather's name. The later King of Arnor Elendur was likely named after him.

Elphir

Elphir

Elphir seems to mean "Swan-lord", from Sindarin alph ("swan") and hîr ("lord").

Elrond

Elrond

The name Elrond (S, pron. [ˈelrond]) has been translated as "Star-dome", and "Vault of Heaven" recalling the glory of Menegroth though at an earlier stage, it was supposed to mean "Elf of the Cave". His Quenya name was most likely Elerondo, isolated from the patronymic Elerondiel, "daughter of Elrond".

elleth

elf-woman

elleth (pl. ellith) (WJ:363-64, 377)

elleth

elf-woman

elleth (pl. ellith) (WJ:363-64, 377).

elleth

elf-woman

(pl. ellith) (WJ:363-64, 377)

ellon

elf-man

ellon (pl. ellyn),

ellon

elf-man

ellon (pl. ellyn) (WJ:363-64, 377).

ellon

elf-man

(pl. ellyn)

elvellon

elf-friend

elvellon (pl. elvellyn, coll. pl. elvellonnath (WJ:412);

elvellon

elf-friend

(pl. elvellyn, coll. pl. elvellonnath (WJ:412);

elch

noun/adverb. else, something else

elanor

pimpernel

: the word elanor (pl. elanoer) refers to a kind of pimpernel with golden and silver flowers.

elanor

pimpernel

(pl. elanoer) refers to a kind of pimpernel with golden and silver flowers.

elo!

delight, exclamation of

is said to be an exclamation of wonder, admiration, or delight.

elo!

delight, exclamation of

: elo! is said to be an exclamation of wonder, admiration, or delight.

eleg

adjective. other, else

elva-

verb. to marvel at, admire

elvain

adjective. wondrous, marvelous, wonderful; wonder(ful thing), marvel

eluwaith

noun. Sindarin subjects of King Elu-Thingol

Elrond

Star-dome

The name Elrond has been translated as "Star-dome", and "Vault of Heaven" recalling the glory of Menegroth though at an earlier stage, it was supposed to mean "Elf of the Cave". His Quenya name was most likely Elerondo, isolated from the patronymic Elerondiel, "daughter of Elrond".

elanor

star-sun

(a kind of pimpernel with golden and silver flowers) elanor (pl. elanoer). Archaic *elanaur.

elanor

star-sun

(pl. elanoer). Archaic ✱elanaur.

elo!

wonder, interjection of

is said to be an exclamation of wonder, admiration, or delight.**

elo!

admiration, exclamation of

: elo! is said to be an exclamation of wonder, admiration, or delight.

elo!

wonder, interjection of

: elo! is said to be an exclamation of wonder, admiration, or delight.

elo!

admiration, exclamation of

is said to be an exclamation of wonder, admiration, or delight.

elu

pale blue

1) elu (analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?) 2) gwind (lenited wind; no distinct pl. form)

elu

pale blue

1) elu (analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?). 2) gwind (lenited wind; no distinct pl. form).

elu

pale blue

(analogical pl. ely). Archaic elw (pl. ilw?).

elui

adjective. starry

A neologism for “starry” coined by Gábor Lőrinczi from the VQP (VQP), an adjectival form of êl “star”.

elegren

adjective. different, strange

eliad

noun. blessing

elias

noun. blessedness

elven

noun. wonder, wonderment

elbereth

varda

elu

adjective. (pale) blue

alaf

noun. elm

The Sindarin word for “elm” appearing in notes from 1959, derived from the root √ALAB of similar meaning (PE17/153).

Conceptual Development: Tolkien used similar “elm” words for much of his life. The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. lalm or larm “an elm, elm-wood” along with a more elaborate form G. {lalmin >>} lalmir “an elm tree” (GL/52). These were clearly cognates to ᴱQ. alalme “elm (tree)” under the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” (QL/29). Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s had an unrelated form ᴱN. {aulin >>} ólin “elm” (PE13/151). In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien reverted to N. lalf or N. lalven “elm-tree” under the root ᴹ√ÁLAM of the same meaning (Ety/ÁLAM). This root had a variant ᴹ√LÁLAM, under which Tolkien had N. lhalwen or lhalorn “elm-tree” (Ety/LÁLAM).

Neo-Sindarin: In theory the 1930s “elm” words might be used with some adaptations like ᴺS. lalorn for N. lhalorn, but I’d simply stick to the 1959 “elm” word alaf for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

egladil

place name. Elven-point

Name for “The Angle” in Lórien (LotR/347), more accurately translated as “Elven-point” in Tolkien’s “Unfinished Index” of The Lord of the Rings (RC/307). This name is apparently combination of the prefixal form Egla- of Eglan “Forsaken (Elf)” and the lenited form of till “point”.

Conceptual Development: In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name first appeared as N. Nelen, initially translated “Gore” (TI/242) or but later translated “Angle” as opposed to N. Narthas “Gore” (TI/288). This was revised to N. Calendil (TI/268) and ultimately to Egladil for the published version of The Lord of the Rings (TI/287-8 notes #5-7).

falathrim

collective name. Elves of the Falas, Wave-folk

The Elves of the coast of Beleriand (S/58, PM/386), a combination of falas “shore” and the class-plural suffix -rim (SA/falas), undergoing the phonetic change: [[s|medial [s] became [θ] before [l], [r]]] .

Aran Einior

noun. Elder King (Manwë)

aran (king) + einior (“elder”) > an (comparative prefix) + iaur (“ancient, old”)

alaf

noun. elm

_ n. Bot. _elm. Q. albe.

aran einior

proper name. Elder King, Manwë

A Sindarin title for Manwe (PM/358), a combination of aran “king” and einior “elder”.

eglamar

noun. Elf-home

egla- (from PQ hekla “elf, Falathrim”) + (m-)bar (“land, dwelling”) It is said to be an old name, which is reflected by its formation, with the genitival element preceding: ekla-mbar; #the fact that the first part of the compound is egla-, not eglan- probably explains the mutation of mb- to m, in contrast to Eglador.

galan

elm

pl1. gelain _ n. Bot. _elm. . This gloss was rejected.

mimp

cardinal. eleven

_ card. _eleven. Q. minque. >> imp. This gloss was rejected.

dúnedhel

elf of beleriand

(literally "West-Elf", including Noldor and Sindar) Dúnedhel (i Núnedhel), pl. Dúnedhil (i Ndúnedhil). (WJ:378, 386) HALF-ELF (Elf-mortal hybrid) *peredhel (pl. peredhil) (PM:256, 348).

dúnedhel

elf of beleriand

(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*). (WJ:378, 386)*

dúnedhel

beleriand, elf of

(i Núnedhel), pl. *Dúnedhil*** (i Ndúnedhil*) (WJ:378, 386)*

edhel

elf

edhel (pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). _(WJ:363, 377-78; _the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > Elrim_ _may also occur). But since elin also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.

edhel

elf

(pl. edhil). Coll. pl. Edhelrim (or Edhellim) (UT:318). Also †eledh, pl. elidh, coll. pl. eledhrim (Letters:281), also elen, pl. elin, also with coll. pl. eledhrim (elen + rim with the regular change nr > dhr). (WJ:363, 377-78; the shorter coll. pl. Eldrim > *Elrim*** may also occur). But since elin** also means "stars", other terms for "Elf" may be preferred.

edhelharn

elf-stone

(a term for beryl) edhelharn (pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31).

edhelharn

elf-stone

(a term for beryl) edhelharn (pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31). SEEING STONE (palantír) *gwachaedir (i **wachaedir), no distinct pl. form except with prefixed article (in gwachaedir), coll. pl. ?gwachaediriath or ?gwachadirnath (the latter form assuming that -dir is reduced from older -dirn) The form occurring in the primary source, gwahaedir, must represent the late Gondorian pronunciation with h for ch** (PM:186).

edhelharn

elf-stone

(pl. edhelhern) (SD:128-31).

edhellen

elvish

edhellen (of language apparently = ”Sindarin”), pl. edhellin

edhellen

elvish

(of language apparently = ”Sindarin”), pl. edhellin****

gwanwel

elf of aman

gwanwel (”departed” Elf), pl. gwenwil (in gwenwil), coll. pl. gwanwellath. (WJ:378) Also gwanwen; see DEPARTED.

gwanwel

elf of aman

(”departed” Elf), pl. gwenwil (in gwenwil), coll. pl. gwanwellath. (WJ:378) Also gwanwen; see

parf edhellen

noun/adjective. Elvish book

Parf Edhellen (Q. Parma Eldaliéva) is derived from the words parf and edhellen. These words are not attested in this formation. >> annon

gwanwel

noun. Elves that left Beleriand for Aman (lit. "the departed")

pl. gwenwil; cf. Q vanwa >> gwanwen

Edhellond

Edhellond

Edhellond means "Elf Haven" in Sindarin (from edhel = "Elf" and lond = "harbor, haven").

edhelharn

Edhelharn

Like "Elfstone" and "Elessar", it comes from the words edhel "elf" and (lenited) sarn

laegel

green-elf

pl. laegil; coll. pl. laegrim or laegeldrim (WJ:385). These forms from a late source would seem to supersede the ”N” forms listed in LR:368 s.v. LÁYAK: *Lhoebenidh* or *Lhoebelidh*. The Green-elves of Beleriand were also called Lindel (pl. Lindil), also Lindedhel (pl. Lindedhil)  *(WJ:385)*.

miniel

first elf

(i Viniel), pl. Mínil (i Mínil), coll. pl. Miniellath. (WJ:383)

mornedhel

dark elf

(i Vornedhel), pl. Mornedhil (i Mornedhil). Conceivably the entire word could be umlauted in the pl.: ?Mernedhil. **(WJ:409) Another term for ”Dark Elf” is Dúredhel (i Dhúredhel), pl. Dúredhil (i Núredhil**).

míriel

jewel-like

(lenited víriel, pl. míril) (sparkling like a jewel)

einior

adjective. elder

minib

cardinal. eleven

penedh

noun. Elf

galadhrim

noun. Elves of Lothlórien

lalorn

noun. elm-tree

peredhel

half-elf

(pl. peredhil) (PM:256, 348).

calben

noun. Elf of the Great Journey (lit. "light person")

einior

adjective. elder

iathrim

noun. Elves of Doriath

lalwen

noun. elm-tree

mimp

cardinal. eleven

minib

cardinal. eleven

gael

pale

(glittering), lenited ’ael; no distinct pl. form.

iell

daughter

1) iell (-iel) (girl, maid), pl. ill, 2) sell (i hell) (girl, maid), pl. sill (i sill), coll. pl. sellath**. **DAUGTHER OF TWILIGHT, see NIGHTINGALE

iell

daughter

(-iel) (girl, maid), pl. ill

meldis

friend

(i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.

mellon

friend

1) (masc.) mellon (i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath. 2) (fem.) meldis (i veldis), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldis), coll. pl. meldissath.

mellon

friend

(i vellon) (lover), pl. mellyn (i mellyn), coll. pl. mellonnath. Also meldir (i veldir), no distinct pl. form except with article (i meldir). Also seron (i heron, o seron), pl. seryn (i seryn), coll. pl. seronnath.

sell

daughter

(i** hell) (girl, maid), pl. sill (i** sill), coll. pl. *sellath***. **

thela

point of spear, spear point

(-thel), pl. ?thili

egel

adjective. other

egelren

adjective. different, strange

ecthel

point of spear, spear point

(pl. ecthil), literally "thorn point&quot

nel

three, tri

;

eglahir

place name. *Elf-river

A name for a river in Beleriand, replacing earlier Ilk. Eldor/Eglor (SM/227) and replaced in turn by the name S. Nenning (WJ/117). It appears to be a combination of the prefixal form Egla- of Eglan “Forsaken (Elf)” and the lenited form -hir of sîr “river” also appearing in names such as Linhir and Nanduhirion.

ogol

noun. ?Elf

An untranslated term appearing between the names of different names for the Noldor and possibly other Elf-tribes on the back page of Notes on Names (NN) from 1957 (PE17/142). It stems from some very rough notes in which Tolkien considered many different forms listed one after the other, so the connections presented here are somewhat tentative.

It has multiple different plural forms: a regular form egyl < ✶okoli, and multiple forms for variants, where the word derives from ✶oklō, via syllabificaion of -l &gt; -ol:

• ygl, ygil: The -l vocalizes to -il instead of -ol. Before the vocalization took place, the plural mutation was carried out to produce ygl, which explains, why the resulting form is ygil instead of egil, which would be usuall for o in non-final syllables.

• ygli: This form is rather unusual for a Sindarin word, as final vowels usually vanish, but the note also includes what seems to be a dierct reference to this rule “?ḷ́ < li, ṛ́ < ri” (PE17/142).

imp

cardinal. twelve

_ card. _twelve. Q. yunque. imp << iug. >> imp. This gloss was rejected.

mîr

noun. jewel

_ n. _jewel, precious thing. Q. míre, pl1. míri. >> advir

noll

noun. a Sindarized form the Exiled Noldor used form themselves

_ n. _a Sindarized form the Exiled Noldor used form themselves.

nollon

noun. a Sindarized form the Exiled Noldor used form themselves

_ n. _a Sindarized form the Exiled Noldor used form themselves. Probably a masculine form of noll.

a tiro nin, fanuilos

o guard me, Elbereth

thand

noun. shield

ýneg

cardinal. twelve

avar

noun. the Avari, Elves who refused the invitation of the Valar

This plural name was known to the loremasters, but went out of daily use at the time of the Exile

calben

noun. all Elves but the Avari

egladhrim

noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim

eglan

noun/adjective. an Elf of the Falathrim

eglath

noun. "The Forsaken", Elves of the Falathrim

egol

noun. someone forsaken, an Elf of the Falathrim

golodh

noun. "Deep Elf" or "Gnome", one of the Wise Folk

golodhrim

noun. Deep Elves, Gnomes

groga-

verb. to feel terror

gûr

noun. heart (in the moral sense), counsel

imp

cardinal. twelve

inib

cardinal. twelve

lachend

noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)

lachenn

noun. Deep Elf (Sindarin name for the Ñoldor)

laegrim

noun. the people of the Green Elves

mírdan

noun. jewel-smith

mîr

noun. jewel, precious thing, treasure

tawarwaith

noun. Silvan elves

thand

noun. shield

thangail

noun. shield-fence, a battle formation of the Dúnedain

thôl

noun. helm

yneb

cardinal. twelve

yneg

cardinal. twelve

ýneg

cardinal. twelve

êl

noun. star

A Sindarin word for “star” that is largely archaic and poetic, and is mainly used as element in names like Elrond (Let/281; WJ/363; Ety/EL); the more usual word for “star” in ordinary speech was gil (RGEO/65). However, the collective form elenath is still used in common speech to refer to the entire host of stars (WJ/363). The plural of êl is elin, as this word was derived from ancient ✶elen, and the final n that was lost in the singular was preserved in the plural. In some cases Tolkien posited a restored analogical singular elen from the plural form (PE17/24, 67, 139), but this isn’t in keeping with the notion that the word was archaic, so I would ignore this for purposes of Neo-Sindarin.

Conceptual Development: This word and its root first appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, where N. el “star” was derived from the root ᴹ√EL of similar meaning, but was “only [used] in names” (Ety/EL). It seems Tolkien introduced the root to give a new etymology for names like N. Elrond and N. Elwing, which initially appeared under the root ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” (Ety/ƷEL).

ninniach

noun. rainbow

A noun for “rainbow” in the name Cirith Ninniach “Rainbow Cleft” (S/238). Ninniach “rainbow” is perhaps a combination of the S. nîn “watery” and S. iach “ford”, perhaps a metaphorical ford of water across the sky. The long nn in the initial element ninn- is tricky to explain, but might be an example of an exchange of a long vowel īn with a long consonant inn; hat-tip to Elaran for this suggestion.

Conceptual Development: The name Cirith Ninniach (and hence the word for “rainbow”) went through quite a few changes. The earliest iteration of the name was G. Cris a Teld Quing Ilon “Gully of the Rainbow Roof” (PE15/21) so that quing ilon “✱bow of heaven” was “rainbow”, but this was quickly revised to G. Cris Ilbranteloth which was the form used in the early narratives (LT2/150, 202). G. ilbrant “rainbow” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s with variant ilvrant (GL/50). By popular etymology, this was connected to G. brant “bow”, but that was not correct (GL/24). The second element was actually G. rantha “bridge” (GL/65), and the b came from its initial element G. ilbar “heaven[s]” (GL/50), so it literally meant “✱heaven-bridge”.

In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, the name of the pass was changed to N. Cris-Ilfing >> Cirith Helvin “Rainbow Cleft” (SM/141, 146). Both ilfing and helvin have unclear etymologies, but they are probably early iterations of N. eilian(w) “rainbow, (lit.) sky-bridge” from The Etymologies of the 1930s, a combination of ᴹ√ƷEL “sky” with N. ianw “bridge” (Ety/ƷEL, YAT), with variant elianw (EtyAC/YAT). Cirith Ninniach “Rainbow Cleft” emerged in Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/256, 299).

Neo-Sindarin: Noldorin eilian(w) “sky-bridge” might be adapted into Neo-Sindarin as ᴺS. eiliant using later S. iant for “bridge”, as suggested in HSD (HSD), but I see no reason not to just use attested S. ninniach for “rainbow”.

calben

elda

(Elf of the Great Journey, as opposed to the Avari) calben (i galben, o chalben), pl. celbin (i chelbin). The general word for Elves, Elidh or Edhil, may be used in the sense of Quenya Eldar (which itself is often used in a generalized sense: any kind of Elves).

calben

elda

(i galben, o chalben), pl. celbin (i chelbin). The general word for Elves, Elidh or Edhil, may be used in the sense of Quenya Eldar (which itself is often used in a generalized sense: any kind of Elves).

calben

elf of the great journey

(Elda, as opposed to the Avari) calben (i galben, o chalben), pl. celbin (i chelbin).

calben

elf of the great journey

(i galben, o chalben), pl. celbin (i chelbin).

gwanwen

noun. Elves that left Beleriand for Aman (lit. "the departed")

pl. gwenwin; cf. Q vanwa >> gwanwel

lalven

elm tree

lalven (also spelt lalwen), pl. lelvin (lelwin). Alternative form lalorn (pl. lelyrn), also short form lalf (pl. lelf according to LR:348 s.v. ÁLAM; David Salo would read Sindarin leilf to go with eilph ”swan”).

lalven

elm tree

(also spelt lalwen), pl. lelvin (lelwin). Alternative form lalorn (pl. lelyrn), also short form lalf (pl. lelf according to LR:348 s.v. ÁLAM; David Salo would read Sindarin leilf to go with eilph ”swan”).

annabon

elephant

annabon (lit. "long-snouted"), pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath.

annabon

elephant

(lit. "long-snouted"), pl. ennebyn, coll. pl. annabonnath.

brûn

elder, eldest

(long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also

crig

noun. elbow

egol

noun/adverb. else, something else

einior

elder

einior (pl. einioer). Archaic *einiaur.

einior

elder

(pl. einioer). Archaic ✱einiaur.

gwennod

noun. elder tree; elderberry, *(lit.) maiden berry

iarwain

eldest

iarwain (based on Iarwain as a name of Tom Bombadil, perhaps literally ”old-new”).

iarwain

eldest

 (based on Iarwain as a name of Tom Bombadil, perhaps literally ”old-new”).

lalorn

noun. elm-tree

lefn

elf left behind

lefn, pl. lifn.

lefn

elf left behind

pl. lifn.

minib

cardinal. eleven

minib (VT48:6-8)

mîr

jewel

mîr (i vîr, construct mir) (precious thing, treasure), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîr), coll. pl. míriath. GREAT JEWEL (Silmaril) Mirion (i Virion), pl. Míryn (i Míryn). (LR:373 s.v. MIR lists the archaic ”Noldorin” plural Miruin.)

amath

shield

(pl. emaith)

avar

non-eldarin elf

pl. Evair, also called

golovir

noldo-jewel

(i Ngolovir = i Ñolovir, o N’golovir = o Ñgolovir), no distinct pl. form except with article (in Golovir = i Ñgolovir). Adj.

groga

feel terror

(i ’roga, in grogar) (WJ:415)

mirion

great jewel

(i Virion), pl. Míryn (i Míryn). (LR:373 s.v. MIR lists the archaic ”Noldorin” plural Miruin.)

mírdan

jewel-smith

(i vírdan), pl. mírdain (i mírdain)

mîr

jewel

(i vîr, construct mir) (precious thing, treasure), no distinct pl. form except with article (i mîr), coll. pl. míriath.

peringol

half-elf

(i beringol, o pheringol), pl. peringyl (i pheringyl), coll. pl. ?peringollath

send

grey-elf

(i hend, o send, construct sen) (probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda), pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim (the only attested form).

thand

shield

(noun) 1) thand, construct than, pl. thaind, coll. pl. thannath; 2) amath (pl. emaith);

thand

shield

construct than, pl. thaind, coll. pl. thannath

thangail

shield wall, shield fence

. No distinct pl. form. *(UT:281) ***

thôl

helm

thôl (construct thol, pl. thŷl, coll. pl. ?tholath)

thôl

helm

(construct thol, pl. th**ŷ**l, coll. pl. ?tholath)

ýneg

cardinal. twelve

ýneg (VT47:41, VT48:6, 8, 12)

ýneg

twelve

(VT47:41, VT48:6, 8, 12)

alph

noun. swan

The Sindarin noun for “swan” derived from primitive ✶alkwā (NM/378; UT/265; Ety/ÁLAK), where first the [[at|ancient [kw] became [p]]] and then the [[os|[lp] became [lf] (spelled lph)]].

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, this word appeared as {alcwi >>} alfa (GL/18), which is perhaps the moment that Tolkien decided that labialized velars became labials in the Sindarin branch of Elvish (though in Gnomish this sound change applied only medially). In Gnomish Lexicon Slips modifying this document, the word became alf (PE13/109), and Tolkien stuck with this form thereafter, though eventually revising the spelling to alph once he decide that final [f] was spelled ph. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, N. alf “swan” appeared under the root ᴹ√ALAK “rushing” (Ety/ÁLAK).

bardh

noun. home

A word for “home” appearing in draft notes from the 1960s discussing the root √MBAR, where it was contrasted with bâr “house, dwelling”:

> In Sindarin bar [< ✱mbăr-] (pl. bair) was used for a single house or dwelling, especially of the larger and more permanent sort; barð [< ✱mbardā̆] was much as English “home”, the (proper) place for one (or a community) to dwell in (PE17/164).

It was also contrasted with milbar “dear home” which was used for the “emotional senses ‘home’ as the place of one’s birth, or desire, or one’s home returned to after journey or exile” (PE17/164). In later versions of these notes on √MBAR, Tolkien mentioned bâr and milbar but not bardh (PE17/109).

Neo-Sindarin: Given its absense from the final version of the √MBAR notes, it is possible Tolkien abandoned bardh “home”. However, I prefer to retain it for purposes of Neo-Sindarin for the ordinary sense of “home”, and reserve milbar for one’s “emotional home” or “✱true home” from which one is currently separated, as opposed to the home that you are living now = bardh. I would use bâr primarily in the sense “house, dwelling”.

eglamar

place name. Home of the Eglain

A name for region of Beleriand where the people of Círdan dwelled (WJ/379). This name is effectively a combination of the prefixal form Egla- of Eglan “Forsaken (Elf)” and bâr “home”, derived from ancient ✶(h)ekla-mbar (WJ/365).

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s, the name G. Eglamar “Elfinesse, Elfhome” appeared (among other variations) as the Gnomish equivalent of ᴱQ. Eldamar, home of the Elves in Valinor (GL/32). This name also appeared with this meaning in drafts of the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s (LB/157, 181). A number of variations of this name appeared in early name lists, including G. Eglavain (LTI2/320) and ᴱN. Uidhelian (PE13/155) >> Idhelian (PE15/61), but these variations did not appear in later writings.

After Tolkien revised the phonology of the Noldorin language in The Etymologies from the 1930s, this name became Ilk. Eglamar “Elvenhome” containing the Ilkorin word for “Elf”: Ilk. Egla (Ety/ELED). However, the name did not appear in the narratives of that period. After Tolkien abandoned the Ilkorin language, the name reappeared in his Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60, with the revised meaning given above (WJ/379).

a

conjunction. and

See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel

a

and

conj. and.Form of ad/ada before vowel, with soft mutation. Q. ar. >> ad, ada, adh

a

conjunction. and

conj. and. Pedo mellon a minno! 'Say friend and enter'. Q. ar

ad

conjunction. and

conj. and. a/adh before vowel, with soft mutation. Q. ar. >> a, ada, adh

ada

conjunction. and

conj. and. a/adh before vowel, with soft mutation. Q. ar. >> a, ad, adh

ah

preposition/conjunction. and, with

The title Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth is translated as "converse of Finrod and Andreth", but some scholars actually believe this word to be unrelated with the conjunction a.1 , ar "and", and they render it as "with". Other scholars consider that "and" and "with" (in the comitative sense) are not exclusive of each other, and regard ah as the form taken by this conjunction before a vowel. That a, ar and ah are etymologically related has finally been confirmed in VT/43:29-30. Compare also with Welsh, where the coordination "and" also takes different forms whether it occurs before a vowel or a consonant (respectively ac and a). In written Welsh, a often triggers the aspirate mutation: bara a chaws "bread and cheese". This usage is seldom applied in colloquial Welsh (Modern Welsh §510)

alw

wholesome

pl. ely _ adj. _wholesome.

an

preposition. to, towards, for

With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath

ar

conjunction. and

See ah for the form that this conjunction might take before a vowel

bardh

home

{ð}_ n. _home, the (proper) place for one (or a community) to dwell in.

ennorath

noun. Poet

pl2. n. Poet. 'Middle-earth', '(all) the Middle-lands', the group of central lands (between the seas). A poetic expression for the usual Ennor. _o galadh-remmin ennorath _lit. 'from tree-tangled middlelands'. >> -ath, Ennor

erchamion

masculine name. One-handed

Sobriquet of Beren after his hand was bitten off during his quest for a Silmaril (S/183). The two initial elements of this name are er “one” and a mutated form cham of cam “hand” (SA/er, cam). The second of these is especially interesting, in that it is a rare example of liquid mutation. The meaning of the final element is unclear, but it is probably a variant of the masculine suffix -on. As further evidence of this, Tolkien also wrote Erchamon without the i, and according to Patrick Wynne this was clearly deliberate and not a slip (VT47/7, PE21/86).

Conceptual Development: In the earliest Lost Tales from the 1910s, this name appeared as G. Ermabwed (LT2/34). In Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s, this name was revised first to (Ilkorin?) Ermabuin (SM/310), then again to N. Erchamui (LR/146, LR/405). In one place it appeared as Erchamron (Ety/MAP).

As a variation on all these names, the forms N. Er(h)amion or Erchamion appeared as early as the Lays of Beleriand from the 1920s (LB/119, 121) and also in Silmarillion drafts from the 1930s (LR/146, 405). In Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, this name appeared as Erhamion (RS/183) and was firmly established in its final form Erchamion by the time of the Silmarillion revisions from the 1950s-60s (WJ/51, 231).

find

noun. single hair

n. single hair (of man or elf). >> finn

finn

noun. single hair

n. single hair (of man or elf). >> find

gwîn

noun. wine, vine

The wine of Dor-Winion occurs in the Lay of the children of Húrin and a place located either in the "burning South" in the first version, or probably east of the Blue Mountains in the second. Then we have Dorwinion as a meadow-land in Tol Eressëa at the end of the Quenta Silmarillion. It reappears in The Hobbit, and was finally placed North-West of the Sea of Rhûn in the decorated map by Pauline Baynes (see HL/115-117 for discussion). The meaning of this name is unknown and has been largely discussed. What do we have indeed in this "Winion", or rather gwinion since the initial w- must come from lenition? According to Christopher Tolkien, the Lay was begun c. 1918 and was composed during his father's stay at Leeds, a date meaning that the word can be Gnomish, possibly Early Noldorin, or in an indigenous language of Beleriand. In Gnomish and later in Doriathrin and Ilkorin, there is a genitive plural ending -ion which may very well be contained in this word. Then we would segment gwin-ion "of gwin". The context calls for "wine", "vine" or something similar. It can hardly be a coincidence that gwin is precisely the Welsh word for "wine", a loan from the Latin vinum, as the English "wine" itself

lotheg

noun. single flower, single [small] flower, *floret

A word for a single flower in notes from the late 1960s, a singular form of loth (VT42/18). This word is sometimes necessary because loth can refer to either a single flower or a collection of flowers; see that entry for details.

Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. lhothod as a singular form of N. lhoth “flower(s)” under the root ᴹ√LOT(H) (EtyAC/LOT(H)). The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. lothli “floret”, perhaps a diminutive form of G. lôs “flower” (GL/54) with sl &gt; thl.

Neo-Sindarin: Since -eg acts as both a singular suffix and a diminutive suffix, I would assume lotheg refers to single smaller flower or floret, as opposed to elloth for a larger individual flower.

luin

jhJ5 adjective. blue

Examples: Ered luin, Helluin, Luinil, Mindolluin

na

to

e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2

na

preposition. to

prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2

o

preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)

According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin

o

preposition. from

_ prep. _from, of. In older S. o had the form od before vowels. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'.

od

preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)

According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin

Ídh

and

{ð}_ conj. _and. It was not mutated before vowels. >> a

Ídh

and

{ð} conj. and.Form of ad/ada before vowel, with soft mutation. Q. ar. >> a, ad, ada

êl

star

pl1. elin, pl2. elenath** ** n. star. Q. elen, pl1. eldi, eleni, pl2. elelli. >> elen

arwen

noble maiden

Arwen means "Noble Maiden" in Sindarin (from ara- = "noble" and gwenn = "maiden"). The Quenya form of her name is not entirely certain, but as just a name, it is grammatically possible to calque Arwen to Quenya as Aranwen using aran- and wendë, stem Aranwend-; compare masculine Aranwë), but Arwen itself is also coincidentally a valid Quenya synthesis (using ar-, stem Arwend-), meaning the possibility that Arwen's name is the same in Sindarin and Quenya. Her epessë, Undómiel, means "Evenstar", from Undómë "evening twilight" and el "star".

arwen

Arwen

Arwen means "Noble Maiden" in Sindarin (from ara- = "noble" and gwenn = "maiden"). The Quenya form of her name is not entirely certain, but as just a name, it is grammatically possible to calque Arwen to Quenya as Aranwen (pron. [aˈranwen] using aran- and wendë, stem Aranwend-; compare masculine Aranwë), but Arwen itself is also coincidentally a valid Quenya synthesis (using ar-, stem Arwend-), meaning the possibility that Arwen's name is the same in Sindarin and Quenya. Her epessë, Undómiel, means "Evenstar", from Undómë "evening twilight" and el "star".

alu Reconstructed

adjective. wholesome, wholesome, *healthy

An adjective appearing as alw “wholesome” derived from √AL “good” in notes from around 1959, along with a plural form ely (PE17/146).

Neo-Sindarin: This root was sometimes associated with physical health (PE17/149), so I would interpret this word as “wholesome” in the sense “healthy” as well as morally good. The usual Neo-Sindarin rendering of this word would be alu instead of alw.

Conceptual Development: There was a similar word G. {awl >>} alw or alweg in Gnomish Lexicon Slips from the 1910s, but there it was glossed “lofty, of living things: trees, men” and derived from primitive ᴱ√✶alwa (PE13/109), thus probably based from the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread” (QL/29).

a

and

a, or ah when the next word begins in a vowel: Finrod ah Andreth, Finrod and Andreth. In some sources, Tolkien uses ar as the conjunction "and", but a(h) would seem to be the proper Sindarin form.

a

and

or ah when the next word begins in a vowel: Finrod ah Andreth, Finrod and Andreth. In some sources, Tolkien uses ar as the conjunction "and", but a(h) would seem to be the proper Sindarin form.

alag

rushing

(impetuous), pl. elaig; also alagon (pl. elegyn)

ascar

rushing

(impetuous, violent), pl. escair. Also spelt asgar (pl. esgair).

bâr

home

bâr (dwelling, house, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

bâr

home

(dwelling, house, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

eglan

forsaken

eglan, pl. eglain also used for "the forsaken Elves" (coll. pl. Egladhrim), i.e. the Sindar or Falathrim that were left i Beleriand. (WJ:379, VT45:12) This people could also be referred to as the Eglath (a coll. pl.), apparently with no singular (?Egol), though Egla- appears at the beginning of compounds (e.g. Eglador = land of the Eglain or Eglath).

eglan

forsaken

pl. eglain also used for "the forsaken Elves" (coll. pl. Egladhrim), i.e. the Sindar or Falathrim that were left i Beleriand. (WJ:379, VT45:12) This people could also be referred to as the Eglath (a coll. pl.), apparently with no singular (?Egol), though Egla- appears at the beginning of compounds (e.g. Eglador = land of the Eglain or Eglath).

eilian

rainbow

eilian (pl. eiliain). Archaic elianw (so the coll. pl. may be eilianwath).

eilian

rainbow

1) eilian (pl. eiliain). Archaic elianw, hence maybe coll. pl. eilianwath. 2) ninniach (pl. ninniaich). The word appears to mean *”slender-crossing”.

eilian

rainbow

(pl. eiliain). Archaic elianw (so the coll. pl. may be eilianwath).

erchamion

one-handed

erchamion (pl. erchemyn), also *erchammui, no distinct pl. form. (The word is spelt erchamui in the source.)

golodh

noldo

(one of the Noldor) Golodh (i **Ngolodh = i Ñolodh, o N**golodh = o Ñgolodh), pl. Gelydh (in Gelydh = i Ñgelydh), coll. pl. Golodhrim. While Golodh is the actual Sindarin cognate of Quenya Noldo, the Noldor themselves apparently found this form unpleasing (WJ:379) and preferred the word Gódhel (i **Ódhel), pl. Gódhil (i Ngódhil = i Ñódhil), coll. pl. Gódhellim. Also Ódhel, pl. Ódhil, coll. pl. Ódhelllim** (WJ:364, 378-9). Adj.

golodh

noldo

(i Ngolodh = i Ñolodh, o N’golodh = o Ñgolodh), pl. *Gelydh* (*in Gelydh* = i Ñgelydh), coll. pl. Golodhrim. While Golodh is the actual Sindarin cognate of Quenya Noldo, the Noldor themselves apparently found this form unpleasing (WJ:379) and preferred the word Gódhel (i ’Ódhel), pl. *Gódhil*** (i Ngódhil = i Ñódhil), coll. pl. **Gódhellim. Also Ódhel, pl. Ódhil, coll. pl. Ódhelllim (WJ:364, 378-9). Adj.

gwaloth

collection of flowers

(i ’waloth) (blossom), pl. gwelyth (in gwelyth). Also goloth (i ’oloth) (blossom), pl. gelyth (i ngelyth = i ñelyth). Archaic pl. gölyth. (VT42:18). Specific flowers, see

gîl

star

gîl (i ngîl = i ñîl, o n**gîl, construct gil) (bright spark, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath** (RGEO, MR:388). Poetic †êl (elen-, pl. elin, coll. pl. elenath) (RGEO, Letters:281, WJ:363).

gîl

star

(i ngîl = i ñîl, o n’gîl, construct gil) (bright spark, silver glint), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gîl = i ñgîl), coll. pl. giliath **(RGEO, MR:388). Poetic †êl (elen-, pl. **elin, coll. pl. elenath) (RGEO, Letters:281, WJ:363).

hîl

heir

1) #hîl (i chîl), same forms in pl., also with article (i chîl), coll. pl. híliath. Isolated from the name Eluchíl, heir of Elu (WJ:350). 2) rêd (construct red), pl.rîd (idh rîd). The word is presented as a borrowing from Beorian, so it may not be the normal Sindarin word for ”heir”.

hîl

heir

(i chîl), same forms in pl., also with article (i chîl), coll. pl. híliath. Isolated from the name Eluchíl, heir of Elu (WJ:350).

iaur

old

1) iaur (ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare ELDER, ELDEST, q.v. 2) brûn (long endured, long established, long in use), lenited vrûn, pl. bruin. Cf. also

iphant

full of years

(aged, long-lived), pl. iphaint. The spelling used in the source is ”ifant” (LR:400 s.v. YEN), but since the f arises from earlier (n > m +) p via nasal mutation, it should be written ph according to the spelling conventions described in LotR Appendix E.

loth

flower

loth, pl. lyth (but loth is also glossed ”blossom” and may itself function as a collective term: all the flowers of a plant. For individual flowers cf. the following:)

loth

flower

pl. lyth (but loth is also glossed ”blossom” and may itself function as a collective term: all the flowers of a plant. For individual flowers cf. the following:)

lotheg

single flower

lothod (”singulars” derived from the more collective term loth; it is unclear whether lotheg, lothod can themselves have ”plural” forms. If so it would be lethig, lethyd, for archaic löthig, löthyd.) (VT42:18, VT45:29) Another word for a single flower is elloth (pl. ellyth) (VT42:18). An alternative to loth is loss (construct los; pl. lyss), but the form loth seems to be more common (and loss also means ”fallen snow” and ”wilderness”).

lotheg

single flower

lotheg, lothod (”singulars” derived from the more collective term loth; it is unclear whether lotheg, lothod can themselves have ”plural” forms. If so it would be lethig, lethyd, for archaic löthig, löthyd.) (VT42:18, VT45:29) Another word for a single flower is elloth (pl. ellyth) (VT42:18). An alternative to loth is loss (construct los; pl. lyss), but the form loth seems to be more common (and loss also means ”fallen snow” and ”wilderness”). COLLECTION OF FLOWERS gwaloth (i **waloth) (blossom), pl. gwelyth (in gwelyth). Also goloth (i **oloth) (blossom), pl. gelyth (i ngelyth = i ñelyth). Archaic pl. gölyth. (VT42:18)._ _Specific flowers, see DAISY, GLADDEN, SNOWDROP, FLOWER OF GOLD, HORNFLOWER.

maidh

pale

1) maidh (lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (fallow, fawn), 2) nimp (nim-) (white); no distinct pl. form, 3) thind (grey); no distinct pl. form; 4) gael (glittering), lenited ael; no distinct pl. form. 5) *malu (lenited valu; analogical pl. mely; lenited valu) (fallow). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).

malu

pale

(lenited valu; analogical pl. mely; lenited valu) (fallow). Cited in archaic form malw (LR:386 s.v. SMAL).

mith

pale grey

(lenited vith; no distinct pl. form). David Salo would read mîth with a long vowel. Note: a homophone means ”white fog, wet mist”.

nêl

cardinal. three

nêl (note: a homophone means ”tooth”), also neled, archaic neledh.

nêl

three

(note: a homophone means ”tooth”), also neled, archaic neledh.

rimp

rushing

(adj.) 1) rimp (flying), no distinct pl. form; 2) alag (impetuous), pl. elaig; also alagon (pl. elegyn); 3) ascar (impetuous, violent), pl. escair. Also spelt asgar (pl. esgair).

send

sinda

#send (i hend, o send, construct sen) _(probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda)_, pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim (the only attested form) = Quenya Sindar. As coll. pl. also Thindrim (VT41:9). The Sindar could also be called Eluwaith (e.g. _Elu-_people, the subjects of Elu Thingol: Elu + gwaith); this word was maybe only used in the First Age when Thingol was alive. The Sindar called themselves ELVES; see under FORSAKEN.

send

sinda

(i hend, o send, construct sen) (probably a term only used by the Noldor, borrowed from Quenya Sinda), pl. sind (i sind), coll. pl. Sendrim (the only attested form) = Quenya Sindar. As coll. pl. also Thindrim (VT41:9). The Sindar could also be called Eluwaith (e.g. Elu-people, the subjects of Elu Thingol: Elu + gwaith); this word was maybe only used in the First Age when Thingol was alive. The Sindar called themselves

tilion

tilion

in Sindarin as well (na Dilion, o Thilion); he was also called Elfaron ”hunter of stars”.

tim

small star

(MR:388). Archaic tinw, so the coll. pl. is likely  tinwath. 3)

tol

come

tol- (i dôl, i thelir). The present tense tôl is attested (WJ:254). MAKE COME, see FETCH

tol

come

(i dôl, i thelir). The present tense tôl is attested (WJ:254).

ôl

dream

(noun) ôl (in compounds olo-; pl. ely for archaic öly). The pl. ely is the suggested Sindarin equivalent of ”Noldorin” elei (LR:379 s.v. OLOS)

ôl

dream

(in compounds olo-; pl. ely for archaic öly). – The pl. ely is the suggested Sindarin equivalent of ”Noldorin” elei (LR:379 s.v. OLOS)

alf

noun. flower

avar

proper name. Refuser

cû

noun. bow, bow; [N.] arch, crescent; [G.] waxing or waning moon

eglan

adjective. forsaken

ennas

adverb. there

glaer

noun. tale, [N.] long lay, narrative poem, [S.] tale, song

hîl

noun. heir

iaur

adjective. old, old; [N.] ancient, olden

leben

cardinal. five

luin

adjective. blue

min

cardinal. one, one, [G.] single

nallan

noun. call

A word appearing in the 1st edition of The Lord of the Rings from 1954 in the phrase le nallan sí di’nguruthos. In Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien translated {nallon >>} nallon as “a call”, followed by another form nalla, with alternates nalla, nalloth, nallar in the upper margin. Christopher Gilson suggested that the gloss might instead be “to call” or “my call”; if the latter is correct, then nallan might be the 1st sg. possessive form of nalla.

In the 2nd edition of The Lord of the Rings from 1965 Tolkien changed nallan to nallon. In The Road Goes Ever On (RGEO) from 1967 he confirmed that this new form was a verb form meaning “I cry” (RGEO/64).

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I think we can retain nallan as a noun for “a call”. While it is tempting to use the form nalla instead, I have no idea how the a might have survived at the end of this word, so I think nallan is better.

narn

noun. tale, tale, [N.] saga

noll

noun. Noldo

per-

prefix. half

rían

noun. queen, queen, *(lit.) crowned-lady

tâd

cardinal. two

erlu

adverb. once, one time

@@@ a late or reformed compound

miru

noun. wine

hîl

noun. heir

olui

な^hJ adjective. dreamy

Ol (dream) + -ui (full, having that quality)

ioras

l7HiD noun. oldness, old age

A theoretical abstract noun from the adj. iaur "old" (cp. hand > hannas).

-m

suffix. we

1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -mmo.See paradigm PE17:132.

-nc

suffix. we

1st du. pron. suff. #we (you and me). Q. -lmo.See paradigm PE17:132. >> -ngid

Ara-

prefix. king

pref. king. >> ar-, Arathorn

a

and

conj. and. About his mutation, see PE17:145.

adh

conjunction. and

ah

conjunction. and

alph

noun. swan

alph

noun. swan

n. Zoo. swan.

alw

adjective. wholesome

an

to

_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath  'glory to all the Halflings'.

ar

conjunction. and, and, [G.] too, besides

ar-

prefix. king

pref. king. >> ara-, Arathorn

ara

noun. king

_ n. _king. 

aran

noun. king (used of a lord or king of a specified region)

arwen

noun. royal, noble maiden

ar (prefix “high, noble, royal”) + gwend (“maiden, woman”)

athan

preposition. beyond

aur

noun. Poet

n. Poet. #sunlight, daylight. Q. aure.

avar

noun. refuser

This plural name was known to the loremasters, but went out of daily use at the time of the Exile

bereth

noun. queen, spouse

dúath

noun. darkness, shadow

dúath

noun. nightshade

eglamar

eglamar

eglan

noun/adjective. forsaken

egor

conjunction. or

egor

conjunction. or

eiliant

noun. rainbow

See ianu and iant for a discussion

eneth

noun. name

ennas

adverb. there, in that place

ergammon

masculine name. One-Handed

esta-

verb. to name

gil

noun. star, bright spark

In The Etymologies (Ety/358, corrected by VT/45:15), this word was given as geil , plural gîl. However, later in LotR/E and RGEO/73, Tolkien seems to consider gil as a singular (with no hints in the sources of what the plural would be, besides the collective plural giliath )

gil-

noun. star

gil-

prefix. spark

_ pref. _spark, often used for 'star'. Form of gail/geil in compounds. >> gail, geil, Gilgalad

giliath

noun. all the host of stars

gill

noun. star

goe

noun. terror, great fear

laer

noun. summer

lam

noun. language

leben

cardinal. five

lo

lo

loth

noun. flower, inflorescence, a head of small flowers

The noun is collective, a single flower being lotheg

loth

noun. flower

_n._flower, a single bloom. Q. lóte, lōs.

lotheg

noun. (single) flower

luin

adjective. blue

luin

blue

adj. blue. . This gloss was rejected.

lô

blue

adj. blue. . This gloss was rejected.

lû

noun. a time, occasion

mallos

noun. a golden flower

maw

noun. Poet

_ n. Poet. _hand. Q. má. >> maetha-

meneg

cardinal. thousand

meneg

cardinal. thousand, thousand, *large in number

min

fraction. one (first of a series)

mîn

fraction. one (first of a series)

môr

noun. darkness, dark, night

nalla

noun. call

nallar

noun. call

nalloth

noun. call

narn

noun. a tale or a saga, that is told in verse to be spoken and not sung

nimp

adjective. pale

adj. pale, pallid. nimp << nim (PE17:168). >> niphred

ninglor

noun. golden water-flower, gladden

ninniach

noun. rainbow

niphredil

noun. a pale winter flower, snowdrop

nêl

cardinal. three

nêl

cardinal. three

o

preposition. from

_ prep. _from. . This gloss was rejected.

oron

Poet

pl1. œryn, eryn _ n. Poet. _upstanding plant, general word for tree. >> orn

pen

pronoun. one, somebody, anybody

Usually enclitic and mutated as ben.2

rîs

noun. queen

sadar

Poet

pl1. sedair n. Poet. trusty follower, loyal companion (member of "comitatus" of a lord, or prince). >> sadron

sadron

Poet

pl1. sedryn n. Poet. trusty follower, loyal companion (member of "comitatus" of a lord, or prince). Probably form of _sadar with masc. suffix -on_. >> sadar

sí

adverb. here

sí

adverb. here

adv. here. Q. Sí now, here (usually 'now').

sî

adverb. here

tad

cardinal. two

taur

noun. Poet

n.Bot. Poet. or Arch. #willow. >> taor, tathar

tin

noun. spark

_ n. _spark, sparkle (esp. used of the twinkle of stars). >> ithildin

tinu

noun. spark, small star

tolo

verb. come!

tâd

cardinal. two

tîn

spark

n. spark, star. Q. tinwe spark (Poet. star).

túr

noun. Poet

n.Bot. Poet. or Arch. #willow. >> tathar, taur

Ídh

and

{ð} conj. and. About his mutation, see PE17:145.

êl

noun. star (little used except in verses)

aith

point of spear, spear point

(no distinct pl. form)

alph

swan

alph (pl. eilph)

alph

swan

(pl. eilph)

an

to

(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).

an

to

(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)

anann

for a long time

.

andrann

age

andrann (cycle), pl. endrain. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” anrand.

andrann

age

(cycle), pl. endrain. Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” anrand.

aran

king

1) (king of a region) aran (pl. erain). Coll. pl. aranath. Also †âr with stem-form aran- (also with pl. erain; the longer form aran may be a back-formation from this plural). 2) (king of a people) †taur (i daur, o thaur) (said in LR:389 s.v. _T_Ā to refer to ”legitimate kings of the whole tribes”), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath.

aran

king

(pl. erain). Coll. pl. aranath. Also †âr with stem-form aran- (also with pl. erain; the longer form aran may be a back-formation from this plural).

athar

beyond

1) *athar (across). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation. 2) (adverbial prefix) thar- (across, athwart, over)

athar

beyond

(across). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation.

bad

go

#bad- (i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.

bad

go

(i vâd, i medir), pa.t. bant. Isolated from trevad- ”traverse”.

bereth

queen

(i vereth) (spouse), pl. berith (i mberith)

cû

bow

(i gû, o chû) (arch, crescent), pl. cui (i chui)

dû

darkness

1) dû (i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, dusk), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302), 2) fuin (gloom, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form. 3) môr (i vôr, construct mor), pl. mŷr (i mŷr) if there is a pl. (Letters:382); 4 morn (i vorn) (night), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word môr, morn is also used as an adjective ”dark, black”. (Letters:386)

dû

darkness

(i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, dusk), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)

edlothia

flower

(verb) #edlothia- (i edlothia, in edlothiar) (to blossom);

edlothia

flower

(i edlothia, in edlothiar) (to blossom);

edlothiad

flowering

(blossoming), pl. edlothiaid if there is a pl.**

egor

or

egor

egor

or

**

eneth

name

(noun) eneth (pl. enith)

eneth

name

(pl. enith)

ennas

there

ennas (SD:128-31)

ennas

there

(SD:128-31)

eru

the one

isolated from

ess

noun. name

esta

name

(verb.) esta- (call) (i esta, in estar)

esta

name

(call) (i esta, in estar)

esta

call

1) (vb.) esta- (to name) (i esta, in estar), 2) (call out) ialla- (VT46:22), also can- (i gân, i chenir) (shout, cry out). See also CRY (OUT).

esta

call

(to name) (i esta, in estar)

fuin

darkness

(gloom, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form.

gilion

of stars

(lenited ngilion; pl. gilioen). Archaic ✱giliaun.

goe

terror

1) goe (i **oe) (great fear), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe = i ñoe), 2) gorgoroth (i ngorgoroth = i ñorgoroth, o n**gorgoroth) (deadly fear), pl. gergeryth (in gergeryth = i ñgergeryth). Archaic pl. *görgöryth. 3) gost (i ngost = i ñost, o n**gost) (dread), pl. gyst (in gyst** = i ñgyst).

goe

terror

(i ’oe) (great fear), no distinct pl. form except with article (i ngoe = i ñoe)

golodhren

of the noldor, noldorin

*(WJ:318; Christopher Tolkien found the ”last letters illigible”, but the context might suggest Golodhrin as a pl. adj. ”Noldorin (ones)”. Lenited Ngolodhren = Ñolodhren*.

gorgoroth

terror

(i ngorgoroth = i ñorgoroth, o n’gorgoroth) (deadly fear), pl. gergeryth (in gergeryth = i ñgergeryth). Archaic pl. ✱görgöryth.

gost

terror

(i ngost = i ñost, o n’gost) (dread), pl. gyst (in gyst = i ñgyst).

gwind

pale blue

(lenited ’wind; no distinct pl. form).

gwist

noun. change

gûr

heart

(i ’ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11).

hadron

hurler of spears or darts

(i chadron, o chadron), pl. hedryn (i chedryn), coll. pl. hadronnath

hithui

november

Hithui

hithui

november

hûn

heart

1) (physical heart) hûn (i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin), 2) (inner mind) gûr (i **ûr, construct gur), pl. guir (i nguir = i ñuir). Note: A homophone means ”death”, but has different mutations. (VT41:11). 3) ind (inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath. 4) nest (core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû**- apparently meaning ”heart”..

hûn

heart

(i chûn, o chûn, construct hun), pl. huin (i chuin)

ialla-

call

(VT46:22), also can- (i gân, i chenir) (shout, cry out). See also

iaur

old

(ior-, iar-) (ancient, former), pl. ioer. Compare

ind

heart

(inner thought, mind, meaning), no distinct pl. form;, coll. pl. innath.

ingem

suffering from old age

(pl. ingim), literally ”year-sick”

laer

summer

laer (no distinct pl. form). Note: a homophone means ”song”.

laer

summer

(no distinct pl. form). Note:  a homophone means ”song”.

leben

cardinal. five

leben;

leben

five

;

luin

blue

luin (no distinct pl. form, as demonstrated by the name Ered Luin ”Blue Mountains”) (VT48:24)

lû

time

_(a time) _1) lû (occasion), pl. lui, coll. pl. lúath.

lû

time

(occasion), pl. lui, coll. pl. lúath.

maidh

pale

(lenited vaidh; no distinct pl. form) (fallow, fawn)

men

we

men (accusative mín ”us”, presumably usually lenited vín, which is also the genitive ”our”).

men

we

(accusative mín ”us”, presumably usually lenited vín, which is also the genitive ”our”).

meneg

cardinal. thousand

#meneg (isolated from Menegroth ”Thousand Caves”, assuming this translation to be literal).

meneg

thousand

(isolated from Menegroth ”Thousand Caves”, assuming this translation to be literal).

mib-

verb. kiss

min

cardinal. one

1) (number ”one” as the first in a series) min, mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”. 2) (number) êr, whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone); 3)

min

one

mîn (VT48:6), Note: homophones include the noun ”peak” and the adjective ”isolated, first, towering”.

môr

darkness

(i vôr, construct mor), pl. m**ŷr (i m**ŷr) if there is a pl. (Letters:382); 4 morn (i vorn) (night), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word môr, morn is also used as an adjective ”dark, black”. (Letters:386)

naith

spearhead

(gore, wedge, point, promontory); no distinct pl. form;

narn

tale

1) narn (saga; versified tale to be spoken rather than sung), pl. nern**; 2) pent (i bent, o phent) (story), pl. pint (i phint), coll. pl. pennath; 3) trenarn (i drenarn, o threnarn) (account), pl. trenern (i threnern); 4) gwanod (i **wanod) (number), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd).

narn

tale

(saga; versified tale to be spoken rather than sung), pl. *nern***; 2) pent (i** bent, o phent) (story), pl. pint (i** phint), coll. pl. pennath; 3) trenarn (i** drenarn, o threnarn) (account), pl. trenern (i** threnern); 4) gwanod (i ’wanod) (number), pl. gwenyd (in gwenyd**).

nest

heart

(core, center), pl. nist. Also notice the prefix hû- apparently meaning ”heart”..

nimp

pale

(nim-) (white); no distinct pl. form

ninniach

rainbow

(pl. ninniaich). The word appears to mean ✱”slender-crossing”.

o

of

(od), followed by hard mutation. With article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by ”mixed” mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366). Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning”.

oltha

dream

(verb) oltha- (i oltha, in olthar)

oltha

dream

(i oltha, in olthar)

pen

cardinal. one

(indefinite pronoun) (= somebody, anybody) pen (WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lords Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean *”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of *ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

pen

one

(WJ:376); lenited ben. According to one interpretation of the phrase caro den i innas lín from the Sindarin Lord’s Prayer (VT44:23), this could mean ✱”let one do your will”, with den (perhaps a lenited form of ✱ten) as the indefinite pronoun ”one”. However, others interpret den as the accusative form of the pronoun ”it”: ”Do it [, that is:] your will”.

peng

bow

(i beng, o pheng), pl. ping (i phing)

per

half

(adj. prefix) per-.

per

half

.

rimp

rushing

(flying), no distinct pl. form

rêd

heir

(construct red), pl.rîd (idh rîd). The word is presented as a borrowing from Beorian, so it may not be the normal Sindarin word for ”heir”.

rían

queen

(”crown-gift”), pl. ríain (idh ríain)

ríen

queen

(crowned lady), pl. ?rîn (idh rîn). The adjective rîn ”crowned” may also be used as a noun ”crowned woman” =  ”queen”, but with no distinct pl. form except when article precedes (idh rîn again); coll. pl. ríniath. Note: a homophone means ”remembrance”.

rîs

queen

1) rîs, no distinct pl. except with article preceding (idh rîs); coll. pl. ?rissath; 2) rían (”crown-gift”), pl. ríain (idh ríain); 3) bereth (i vereth) (spouse), pl. berith (i mberith), 4) ríen (crowned lady), pl. ?rîn (idh rîn). The adjective rîn ”crowned” may also be used as a noun ”crowned woman” = ”queen”, but with no distinct pl. form except when article precedes (idh rîn again); coll. pl. ríniath. Note: a homophone means ”remembrance”.

rîs

noun. queen

rîs

queen

no distinct pl. except with article preceding (idh rîs); coll. pl. ?rissath

sí

here

sí

sí

here

tad-dal

two-legged

(lenited dad-dal), pl. tad-dail.

tass

1,D adverb. then, there

A Quenya-influenced neologism meaning "there, then, in that (place/time)", from Q. tassë.

taur

king

(i daur, o thaur) (said in LR:389 s.v. TĀ to refer to ”legitimate kings of the whole tribes”), pl. toer (i thoer), coll. pl. torath.

thar

beyond

(across, athwart, over)

thind

pale

(grey); no distinct pl. form

tint

spark

1) tint (i dint, o thint), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thint), coll. pl. tinnath; 2) tinu (i dinu, o thinu; also -din at the end of compounds), analogical pl. tiny (i thiny). The word is also used =

tint

spark

(i dint, o thint), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thint), coll. pl. tinnath

tinu

spark

(i dinu, o thinu; also -din at the end of compounds), analogical pl. tiny (i thiny). The word is also used =

tâd

cardinal. two

1) tâd (in compounds tad-, as in tad-dal ”two-legged”), 2) (adjectival prefix) ui- (twi-, both).

tâd

two

(in compounds tad-, as in tad-dal ”two-legged”)

ui

two

(twi-, both).

êr

one

whence the adjectival prefix er- (alone, lone)

ŷ

noun. wine

A neologism for “wine” coined by Hialmr appearing in VQP (VQP), based on ᴱQ. io “wine” (PE16/141).